Tuesday, January 28, 2020
The Left Digit Effect in Pricing Strategy Essay Example for Free
The Left Digit Effect in Pricing Strategy Essay Have you ever come across price tags that have 9 endings? Have you ever bought those merchandise with 9 endings thinking that was the best deal and ended up with an enormous bill? Do you notice that the 9 endings are usually printed in a much smaller size than the digits on the left? This is a result of a psychological concept called ââ¬Å"The Left Digit Effectâ⬠in which people tend to pay more attention to the left-most digits than the ones on the right. The idea has been widely used for decades for its great impact on consumersââ¬â¢ shopping behavior. Nine endings can easily be seen everywhere: stationeries of $1. 99, $4. 99 in bookstores, cars of $2,999, $5,999 in a dealership, real estates of $199,999, $299,999 on the market. It is interesting how such a small change can make a price tag seem significantly lower than another one of just one cent or one dollar higher, as well as greatly affect consumersââ¬â¢ decision. Even the smartest shoppers can fall for this little trick. For a lot of times I found myself wondering why I bought goods of the best prices but ended up with a large bill. Later I realized that I had fallen victim of the usage of the left digit effect in pricing strategy. However, it is fascinating to learn about how the application of such a simple effect turns out to have a great impact on peopleââ¬â¢s mind without their even being aware of it. The left digit effect can be simply defined as peopleââ¬â¢s paying disproportionate attention to the digits on the left compare to the ones on the right. This results from humanââ¬â¢s instinct of reading from left to right. Another possible reason is that the encoding processes in humanââ¬â¢s mind start before people even finish reading all of the digits. They tend to think fast in order to move on with other things, so they underestimate the importance of the right digits and make the digits on the left the magnitude. Taking advantage of that, companies and producers apply the effect in pricing strategy. That was the point when 9 endings were brought into the market. One reason to account for such a wonder that the 9 endings are doing to businesses is the difficulty of adding up odd numbers. People are more familiarized with the decimal number system which consists of 10 numbers. As a consequence, the appearance of 9 endings in prices is a great change in peopleââ¬â¢s ability to do the math. They make it much harder to control the total spending as people are used to dealing with round numbers. For example, it is obviously easier to add 300 and 200 than 299 and 199, as the first one is 500 and the second one is 498. When not being able to add up the prices, people are unaware of their total spending. Most of the times, consumers just ignore the 9 endings rather than do the proper rounding. Even though the cents are seen but they are partially ignored because the brain starts encoding information immediately after the left-most digits are read. A theory proposed by Keith Coulter ââ¬â Associate Professor of Marketing at Graduate School of Management, Clark University ââ¬â said that the effect can be enhanced provided the cents are printed in a smaller size than the dollar part, so the cents are more likely to be ignored or partially ignored by fast-thinking customers. A common viewpoint of the effectââ¬â¢s psychological impact is that the 9 endings lead consumers to believe that goods are marked at the lowest price possible and that it is the best deal out there. When they check out, that is when a concept called cognitive dissonance takes effect. In other words, when having to decide between two conflicting outcomes, people have a tendency to choose the one that makes them feel happier about their choice. Ending up with a huge bill, they often defend themselves that itââ¬â¢s worth the money and what they bought was a good bargain. Also, 9 endings play an important role when it comes to price bands. One cent or one dollar drop can make the price appear in the lower price bands and therefore be seen by more potential customers. For instance, an old car of $1,999 will still be placed in $1,000-$2,000 price band though itââ¬â¢s just a dollar to the next price band. As a result, it can be seen by customers who want cars in the $1,000-$2,000 range, besides the ones who want cars above $2,000. However, the left digit effect has been proved to only work if the left-most digit changes. In other words, consumers become more sensitive to price changes when the one cent drop results the left digit of the prices to change. To clarify the idea, in a small survey which I carried out in Southeast campus of Houston Community College with 21 students, when being asked to choose between two pens of $3 and $3. 99, the participants showed no clear preference over which one they like better. However, when the prices were changed to $4 and $3. 99, 17 out of 21 participants reported that they would choose the second pen because ââ¬Å"it was cheaperâ⬠. Although there was a whole dollar difference compare to just one cent after the change in prices, the participants become more sensitive about how much money they spend when the left-most digit changes. When the brain quickly scans the prices, the same left digits will make one think that there is no significant difference between them although it was the right digits that determine the difference. However, if the left digits change, even though the right digits make them just one cent different, the brain automatically defines a big gap between the two prices and therefore lead people to choose the one whose left digit is lower. The research has provided me with an in-depth view of the psychological impact of the left digit effect in pricing strategy. Before conducting the project, all I thought of the 9 endings was that they would make prices seem lower and therefore more appealing to potential customers. However, after doing a deep research on the topic, Iââ¬â¢ve learned a lot more than I thought I would. Iââ¬â¢ve learned that the effect originates from humanââ¬â¢s thought processes itself: the brain starts encoding the information immediately before we even finish reading all of the digits, and that the 9 endings donââ¬â¢t always work but need an important condition for them to take effect: the left digit changes as a result of the one cent or one dollar drop . It also amazed me how peopleââ¬â¢s decision and shopping behavior are influenced and determined by such a small effect without their being aware of it, and how the application of such a little thing can do wonder to businesses. The left digit effect itself is linked with other interesting psychological effects that trigger me to search for more knowledge. Rather than just a surface learning, I was able to go deep into the root of the issue and learn about its true nature. However, I think the most important thing that I was able to learn from doing this research is how to look at familiar things in a daily routine from a psychological viewpoint and analyze them through that viewpoint.
Monday, January 20, 2020
Comparing Barry Lopezs A Presentation of Whales and Scott Russell Sand
Comparing Barry Lopez's A Presentation of Whales and Scott Russell Sander's Buckeye Was it just a coincidence that I had my firstââ¬âtelevisedââ¬âencounter with sperm whales only a day after I read Barry Lopezââ¬â¢s essay, ââ¬Å"A Presentation of Whalesâ⬠? Was my strong spiritual response to Scott Russell Sanderââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Buckeyeâ⬠a sign that I, too, will feel the ghostly presences of my beloved kindred when they leave this world? No way! I am not a mystic. I am not supernaturally connected to sperm whales or spirits, but I will admit that I entertained self-important thoughts while reading both essays. Not only did I stare at the professional headshots of the writers before I read their essays; I adored them and empathized with their visions. Perhaps nature writers are advantaged: they can be scientific and not be perceived as being such by non-scientific readers. After all, the word ââ¬Ënatureââ¬â¢ generates images of the earth and all of its sensory treasures, whereas ââ¬Ëscienceââ¬â¢ generates images of laboratory coats, long calculations, laborious extractions, and obscure words like genome, polypeptide and spermatozoa. Nature writers are free to incorporate various genres in their writing, which interests a broad population of readers. Readers are attracted to writing styles that reinforce their subjective perceptions of themselves and the world. A readersââ¬â¢ opinion does not necessarily indicate the success or failure of a writer, but rather the state of mind of the reader when she approaches the piece. This is also how we approach people and events in our lives. We are animals, and therefore we must engage with nature. While Barry Lopez and Scott Russell Sanders have a keen sense of t he innate connection between animals and landscapes, ... ...arenââ¬â¢t scientific or historical, they are still objects in his immediate landscape. Alone, they are solitary objects, but together they create a story of human life. Curiosity and neediness attract humans to philosophy, in a similar way that they attract humans to religious dogma, cults and magic. Fortunately, nature narratives draw on human interests in various disciplines without simultaneously wreaking havoc on society. Writing helps us create and understand ideas. Personal values and scientific information are often used interchangeably by Barry Lopez and Scott Russell Sanders. Unless the reader is indifferent, both writers prove they are capable of illustrating essential elements of the human experience in both public and private moments. As readers, we are bonded to Lopez and Sanders because of our role in the innate chaos of human interaction.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Being Immersed Into Virtual Worlds
Being Immersed in Virtual Worlds Being immersed in virtual worlds is a very appealing topic to me and often times I, myself and others dive into those kind of things many, many times especially with the increase in technology over the last few decades essay writer salary. The focus of this essay will answer specific discussions such as the impact of humanity that indulge in the artificial, virtual world by video games, movies, media and many other technologies. In addition to that, I will write about why I consider it to be a leisure time as well as the uses of all these virtual reality in the future.First of all, the technology involved in artificial, virtual world is all fantasy and has nothing to do with the real world. The problem is, some people donââ¬â¢t know the difference and take it out in real life as if itââ¬â¢s a game to them. The social implications of violent video games are often conflicted because some researchers, who are anti-violence towards video games, say that the majority of the people who play these games are more aggressive, addictive and so involved in it, they do things unpredictable, thus they are the ones who cause school shootings, crimes, etc.True to say, this is not the case because obviously everyone who play video games reacts to it differently such as myself. Even more so, Iââ¬â¢ve been playing video games for many years since I was a child and have had no psychological effects from the games. I clearly know right and wrong, fantasy from reality. How do I know this? I was taught well by my parents and as well as ventured out in the real world. Thereââ¬â¢s also something called being pro-social, which means caring about the welfare and rights of othersââ¬â¢ life and not put their games as a priority.Well, in some cases, violent video games do promote pro-social behavior which is a positive thing as they do not think about themselves and their leisure time only. This goes for all action and violence involved withi n movies and the media too. Being immersed into virtual worlds become a problem when one doesnââ¬â¢t know the difference, therefore naive of the facts and to make matters worse, imitate what they see in the game, most commonly ââ¬Å"Grand Theft Autoâ⬠series which is one of the most popular among gamers.The Grand Theft Auto series is a free-roam action-adventure video game where you are in the open world of a large city freely killing people and stealing cars, escaping from cops, etc. To provide with evidence, hereââ¬â¢s a sufficient research on that matter according to the most recent school shooting perpetrator, Adam Lanza. According to the Times Ideas website, Christopher J.Ferguson, the author of the article titled ââ¬Å"Sandy Hook Shooting: Video Games Blamed, Againâ⬠has stated, ââ¬Å"As a video game violence researcher and someone who has done scholarship on mass homicidesâ⬠¦There is no good evidence that video games or other media contributes, even in a small way, to mass homicides or any other violence among youth. â⬠(Ferguson P. 3) We canââ¬â¢t blame violent video games for everything because like I said, there are more than just violent video games alone.Adam Lanza may have played violent video games and went to a target shooting range, but thereââ¬â¢s more to it than that. He was described as a loner with no friends, but brilliant. There was something wrong with him that no one knew or cared about; otherwise it would have prevented the Sandy Hook massacre. Secondly, simply playing video games, watching movies or TV such as soap opera and pornography are just leisure time and entertainment. These are things that should not be applied to real life.A lot of people pay for this and the companies make billions of dollars from their customers and they will continue to keep that trend going for many decades to come, the companies attitude are ââ¬Å"We will do whatever it takes to make more moneyâ⬠and that is prett y much their only goal especially with the entertainment industries. Companies never run out of ideas because the virtual world is full of so many possibilities unlike real life such as Star Wars, War of the Worlds, Zombies, Aliens, Horror among many others.Sometimes, it may occur to some individuals who indulge themselves into this fantasy world and want to take it to the next level recruiting real victims and that becomes bad. In general, there are a lot of factors as to why serial killers, serial rapists, sexual sadists, online predators exist and that is because of this amongst other things that happen in their life to trigger such actions. What is even funnier is that religious people say itââ¬â¢s a sin to watch or play with these types of entertainment.Is killing a human in a virtual world a sin? Absolutely not! As a Christian, I believe we shouldnââ¬â¢t be mastered, manipulated or consumed by anything where it will affect us and others in a negative way. The application s of virtual reality are largely visual and less on words. We have become more visual over the years. However, words will still be around because how else would we explain the visual image without words? Or how else would we make an argument depicting the images and/or videos?Visual communication is direct and more efficient due to the pace of understanding it. It processes faster to the brain than words as if itââ¬â¢s like coding, trying to decipher what it is saying and then understanding it. Most people find TV, movies, video games more fun, appealing, and attractively productive than words. As the saying goes, visual communication is worth more than a thousand words. But we can also say that itââ¬â¢s a 50/50 between words and visual, they both are blended in, and despite how often one is used over the other.There are also computer applications of virtual reality such as powerful Adobe Creative Suite tools able to make logos and vectors, image manipulation through Photoshop , After Effects that add visual special effects seen in action movies, animation, wide ranges of specific colors & objects and many more. You can say that these programs practically make our eyes see more, making it look more attractive and innovative that our eyes cannot see alone. Moreover, virtual reality is originally produced on a computer, engineered and then imported to all technological devices such as porting to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc.In Wikipediaââ¬â¢s definition of virtual reality, more examples of hands-on equipments used are Computer-aided design (CAD), graphics hardware acceleration, head-mounted display, database gloves, and miniaturization (making powerful devices smaller scales but still effective). Applications that apply are implementation (most commonly programming languages such as Java, C++, Perl, or Python), Manufacturing (serve a new product design, prototypes, Computer-Aided Manufacturing), and Urban design (urban regeneration and planning t ransport projects). In the future, virtual reality is becoming more surreal with the advancements in technology.As technology becomes more advanced and complex, so will virtual reality. Virtual reality is all surrounded by computers and devices extracted from real life and data stored in memory. It is amazing how fast technology has boosted in just a few decades and we are already doing High-Definition and 3-D. Now, virtual reality needs to complete all five senses, sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste in the world of virtual reality being able to freely walk in what you imagined to be reality! How extraordinary technology will be to fulfill all five senses in virtual reality, in your own world that you, not only imagined, but also produced!
Saturday, January 4, 2020
The Reflection And Self Analysis Essay - 1566 Words
PHN Shadowing Reflection and Self Analysis 1. In preparing for the shadowing clinical experience I have read and reviewed from Garcia, Schager Schoon (2014) chapter one, chapter two, chapter three, chapter six, chapter seven, and chapter thirteen. I also previously attended an orientation to Washington County Public Health on September 19, 2016. Also, I have read material for Washington County Public Health policies. After this material was completed I was assigned to a local public health nurse that was close to my community to shadow. I contacted the individuals and communicated what information I was looking for in this clinical experience, when and where to meet, and what the dress code would be for the experience. 2. Partaking in the shadowing activities I was present for a full day from 8am-3:30pm. There was one visit early in the morning for a home safety visit. During this visit there was also a child protection agency visiting at the same time. 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